Historical Colonial Williamsburg, Historic Triangle and the Surrounding Areas

Williamsburg ~ Jamestown ~ Yorktown ~ The College of William & Mary ~ Plantations

Williamsburg, Virginia -
From 1699 to 1780, Williamsburg thrived as the capital of colonial Virginia - England's oldest, largest and most influential American colony. The city was built from scratch to a bold plan fashioned by Governor Francis Nicholson and named after King William. For nearly a century, Williamsburg was at the center of important cultural, political and military events. People like the Washington's rubbed shoulders with Thomas Jefferson and Patrick Henry, developing the fundamental concepts of the American republic. Virginia voted for Independence on 15 May 1776. Fearing British attack, the capital was later moved to Richmond, a safer and more centrally located city, and Williamsburg became a simple and quiet college town - home to the College of William and Mary.

Fortunately for historians of the future, this quiet town had little income to replace its historic buildings with newer ones. Most were still standing in 1926 when the Reverend Dr. Goodwin convinced philanthropist John D. Rockefeller, Jr. to fund Williamsburg's restoration and create a colonial city the public could experience. They refurbished 88 original buildings and built careful copies of other buildings that had burned down. All were furnished according to period inventories. As a result, visitors today can experience much of what it must have been like to walk the streets of Williamsburg 250 years ago.

The beauty and history of Colonial Williamsburg can be experienced on many levels:

• Architecture: Most of the historic buildings are open to the public including the Governor's Palace, the Capitol, and the Powder Magazine.
• Decorative Arts: All the buildings are beautifully furnished and surplus items currently not in use within the historic area can be seen in the DeWitt Wallace Gallery.
• The Craft Shops: Colonial-era crafts and trades have been revived. Throughout Williamsburg you can watch, among others, a printer, wigmaker, cooper (barrel maker), shoemaker, harness maker, furniture-maker, and a blacksmith create goods just as they would in the 1700s.
• Gardens: With the help of archaeologists, the gardens have been carefully restored and planted with period flowers, vegetables and fruits.
• Culture: Music, dance, and theater were an important part of 18th-century life. You can experience a Fife & Drum Corps as well as strolling musicians at dinner in the historic taverns.
• Living History: Well-trained actors play the parts of the famous and the not so famous in an effort to bring the city to life.

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Jamestown, Virginia -
Just a short distance from Williamsburg is Historic Jamestown Colony, the site of the first permanent English settlement in North America. Extensive improvements are currently underway as this historic spot prepares for its 400th anniversary in 2007, an event certain to receive national and worldwide attention. Adjacent to Colonial Jamestown lies Jamestown Settlement, containing museum exhibits and reconstructions of an Indian village, the James Fort, and the three ships that brought the first settlers to the New World.

Jamestown is accessible from Williamsburg by way of the scenic Colonial Parkway, a charming and rustic road exploiting views of the James River, College Creek, and other waterways as well as the woods and other scenic views.

Jamestown offers a full day of sightseeing that encompasses both a historical site and a recreated settlement designed to bring you back in time to 1607 Virginia. To fully understand the importance of this historical site, we offer the following history of the Jamestown settlement, as well as a brief overview of Jamestown today.

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Yorktown, Virginia -
At the other end of the Colonial Parkway, following its path through a tunnel under the Historic Area of Williamsburg and paralleling the York River, is the little village of Yorktown. This was the scene of Lord Cornwallis' surrender to General George Washington, ending the American Revolution on October 19, 1781.

Yorktown's extensive battlefields extend over 5000 acres, and are overseen by the National Park Service whose visitor center has information services, displays, movies, and other exhibits including the recently-restored tent used by Washington in 1781. Not far from the center of town is the Yorktown Victory Center, another fine museum. The Center helps the visitor put together the complex story of American and British life leading up to the conflict we now call the Revolution. Fascinating exhibits, first-person interpretation, and many special events make the Victory Center an important part of a visit to Yorktown.

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The College of William & Mary -
William & Mary is the second oldest college in the United States. King William and Queen Mary charted the College in 1693, funding it with loot taken from the pirate Lionel Wafer. The all-male college prospered until the Civil War, when it lost its entire endowment. The state of Virginia stepped in and saved the college, converting it to co-ed in the process. Slightly more women then men now attend William & Mary.

Three original buildings are still in daily use:

1. The Wren Building - thought to have been designed by Sir Christopher Wren in 1694 and containing classrooms, the chapel and the Great Hall.
2. The President's House
3. Brafferton Hall - Once the residence for Native American students from various tribes and now containing offices.

Today, the College William & Mary is a liberal arts university with an annual enrollment of approximately 5,700 undergraduates and 2,000 graduate students. The College is rated as the best small public university in the country, and is consistently listed in the top 30 of all colleges - public or private. Tuition is a tiny fraction of what some comparable institutions charge. In-state students pay less than $10,000 and out-of-state students pay about twice that amount. Most students choose to live on the historic and beautifully landscaped campus. As befitting such a celebrated institute, the University is particularly noted for excelling in history and foreign affairs - some of it in partnership with Colonial Williamsburg. Prospective students should call 757-221-3999 for information about a free, daily guided tour of the campus.